Most modern motorcycles measure the rotation of both front and rear wheels and use this to calculate the speed that the motorcycle is travelling. The speed calculation depends on the size of the wheel and tyre and if the wheels or tyres are changed then the speed calculation may no longer be correct. In these cases it is useful to adjust the speed calculation and some motorcycle ECUs allows for this by using a correction factor as shown below for a Yamaha 2020-2023 YZF-R1.
These factors are multiplied by the rotation frequency to calculate the speed. Bigger tyres have bigger factors and therefore higher speed if rotating at the same frequency.
If your new tyres have a circumference which is 10% larger than the current ones, the factor will need to be increased by 10%. If the circumference of the new tyres are 5% smaller then the factor will need to be reduced by 5%.
If the tyres are changed on the bike then it is necessary to calculate the circumference (not the radius or diameter) of the new and old tyres. These are then used to calculate a percentage change in the circumference and this is then applied to the current correction factor(s).
The circumference of the tyre can be measured directly using a tape measure or a piece of string etc, alternatively it can be calculated if the tyre dimensions are known as shown below.
The following example shows how to calculate the tyre circumference for a YZF-R1:
YZF-R1 Stock Standard Tyres:
Front: 120/70-17:
Nominal width = 120mm
Aspect ratio = 70%, this means that sidewall height = 70% of nominal width = 0.7 x 120 = 84 mm
Diameter of tyre inner rim = 17 inches = 431.8 mm
Tyre outside radius = 431.8/2 + 84 = 299.9 mm
Tyre diameter = 431.8 + (84 x 2) = 599.8 mm
Circumference = 2 x pi x r = pi x d = 1884.3
Rear : 190/55-17:
Nominal width = 190mm
Aspect ration = 55%, this means that sidewall height = 55% of nominal width = 0.55 x 190 = 104.5 mm
Diameter of tyre inner rim = 17 inches = 431.8 mm
Tyre outside radius = 431.8/2 + 104.5 = 320.4 mm
Tyre diameter = 431.8 + (104.5 x 2) = 640.8 mm
Circumference = 2 x pi x r = pi x d = 2013.1
As circumference = pi x d, we only need to know the increase in total diameter to calculate the correct factor for different tyres. If the tyre diameter increases by 5% then the correction factor should be increased by 5% also.
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